Job Safety Analysis: Removing or Clearing Blockages in Culverts

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Step Potential Hazard Control
Assess work area Traffic exposure, unstable slopes, slippery banks, deep water, wildlife Conduct site walk through; set up MUTCD compliant work zone; assign lookout; identify safest approach to inlet and outlet
Inspect tools and equipment Broken rakes, damaged hooks, faulty vactor or jetter hoses, dull chainsaws Perform pre operation inspection; verify hoses, nozzles, and mechanical tools are functioning; remove defective equipment
Don required PPE Contact with contaminated water, sharp debris, slipping hazards Wear gloves, safety glasses, waterproof boots or waders, and high visibility vest
Evaluate blockage type Unknown material, chemical hazards, risk of sudden release Inspect visually from a distance; avoid reaching into pipe; identify if blockage is sediment, roots, debris, or animal nests
Approach culvert inlet or outlet Slips, soft soil, sudden water flow Move slowly; probe soft areas; avoid undercut banks; stand to the side of potential flow path
Remove debris manually Cuts, heavy lifting, sharp branches, hidden metal Use hooks, rakes, or long handled tools; do not reach directly into culvert; use team lift for large items
Clear sediment or small debris inside pipe Confined space risk, entrapment, poor air quality Only clear from outside culvert entrance; do not enter culvert; use long handled tools or equipment to reach deeper blockages
Use vactor or jetter equipment High pressure spray, hose recoil, splash hazards Start jetter on low pressure; increase gradually; keep hose under control; keep workers away from nozzle path
Monitor for sudden water release Rapid flow, material washout, worker swept downstream Maintain escape route; stand beside culvert, not in front; remove blockages in small stages
Use chainsaw for woody debris (if required) Kickback, slipping while cutting, water interference Only cut from stable dry ground; never cut inside flowing water; maintain firm stance
Inspect culvert structure Collapse hazards, sharp edges Visually inspect for cracks, rust, or joint separation; do not place hands into openings or damaged areas
Dispose of removed material Heavy loads, contamination Place debris in truck or designated container; follow municipal disposal requirements; avoid piling material near waterways
Restore area and check flow Slips on wet ground, unstable grading Ensure culvert flows freely; stabilize disturbed soils; remove temporary barriers
Decontaminate tools and PPE Cross contamination, exposure to hazardous material Wash tools with disinfectant; rinse boots and waders; dispose of contaminated PPE properly
Final site inspection Missed debris, lingering hazards Walk area carefully; confirm channel and culvert are free of obstructions
Remove traffic control Worker exposure to live traffic Remove cones and signage in reverse order; maintain lookout; wear high visibility PPE until crew is clear

Suggested Personal Protective Equipment

  • Hard hat

  • Safety glasses or face shield

  • High visibility vest or jacket if roadside

  • Waterproof boots or waders

  • Cut resistant gloves

  • Steel toe boots

  • Long pants and long sleeves

  • Hearing protection around equipment

  • Respirator if strong odors or unknown contaminants are present

Always have a complete, well-stocked first aid kit available.

JSA Category: Stormwater, Drainage, and Waterways

* The steps, hazards, and controls displayed above may be incomplete or not suit your department's needs. All job safety analyses should be a completed with frontline worker input to ensure that each potential hazard is identified and mitigated.

Please read about The Essentials Elements of a Solid Job Safety Anaylsis here.

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Job Safety Analysis
Step Potential Hazard Control
Assess work area Traffic exposure, unstable slopes, slippery banks, deep water, wildlife Conduct site walk through; set up MUTCD compliant work zone; assign lookout; identify safest approach to inlet and outlet
Inspect tools and equipment Broken rakes, damaged hooks, faulty vactor or jetter hoses, dull chainsaws Perform pre operation inspection; verify hoses, nozzles, and mechanical tools are functioning; remove defective equipment
Don required PPE Contact with contaminated water, sharp debris, slipping hazards Wear gloves, safety glasses, waterproof boots or waders, and high visibility vest
Evaluate blockage type Unknown material, chemical hazards, risk of sudden release Inspect visually from a distance; avoid reaching into pipe; identify if blockage is sediment, roots, debris, or animal nests
Approach culvert inlet or outlet Slips, soft soil, sudden water flow Move slowly; probe soft areas; avoid undercut banks; stand to the side of potential flow path
Remove debris manually Cuts, heavy lifting, sharp branches, hidden metal Use hooks, rakes, or long handled tools; do not reach directly into culvert; use team lift for large items
Clear sediment or small debris inside pipe Confined space risk, entrapment, poor air quality Only clear from outside culvert entrance; do not enter culvert; use long handled tools or equipment to reach deeper blockages
Use vactor or jetter equipment High pressure spray, hose recoil, splash hazards Start jetter on low pressure; increase gradually; keep hose under control; keep workers away from nozzle path
Monitor for sudden water release Rapid flow, material washout, worker swept downstream Maintain escape route; stand beside culvert, not in front; remove blockages in small stages
Use chainsaw for woody debris (if required) Kickback, slipping while cutting, water interference Only cut from stable dry ground; never cut inside flowing water; maintain firm stance
Inspect culvert structure Collapse hazards, sharp edges Visually inspect for cracks, rust, or joint separation; do not place hands into openings or damaged areas
Dispose of removed material Heavy loads, contamination Place debris in truck or designated container; follow municipal disposal requirements; avoid piling material near waterways
Restore area and check flow Slips on wet ground, unstable grading Ensure culvert flows freely; stabilize disturbed soils; remove temporary barriers
Decontaminate tools and PPE Cross contamination, exposure to hazardous material Wash tools with disinfectant; rinse boots and waders; dispose of contaminated PPE properly
Final site inspection Missed debris, lingering hazards Walk area carefully; confirm channel and culvert are free of obstructions
Remove traffic control Worker exposure to live traffic Remove cones and signage in reverse order; maintain lookout; wear high visibility PPE until crew is clear
Suggested Personal Protective Equipment